by Taohidi Alamou Lamidi, Cossi Télesphore Nounangnonhou and Bienvenu Macaire Agbomahena
Original Research
One of today's research challenges is to predict and anticipate the continuing effects of climate change, so as to be able to react and adapt to future developments. Global warming and weather forecasts indicate a growing risk of climate change-related events, which are not without consequences for ecosystems, including the Ouémé river basin. Water availability is strongly influenced by the variability of meteorological parameters. Precipitation and temperature are important parameters that have been side-lined in many water resource management projects. Daily rainfall and temperature data from 1982 to 2022 were collected at three representative sites in the Ouémé river basin: Bétérou, Savè and Kétou. Time series analysis, and more specifically trend analysis, was used as a first approach to describe the evolution of the various parameters over time. In this study, the ARIMA seasonal model (SARIMA) was used and forecasts were made for the next 30 years (2015-2045). The auto-regressive (p) integrated (d) moving average (q) model (ARIMA) is based on the Box Jenkins approach, which predicts future trends by making the data stationary and removing seasonality. The results of the study show that temperatures are high during the dry season, when precipitation is low. In addition, the multiplicative seasonal models that best fit precipitation and temperature are represented by ARIMA (5, 1, 0)(2, 0, 0)12 and ARIMA (2, 1, 1)(1, 0, 1)12 respectively. The information on patterns and trends can be used as a forecasting tool for the planning and procurement of water resource projects, as well as for the development of better water management practices in the study area.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2024, 12(2), 53-61. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-12-2-3
Pub. Date: April 11, 2024
by Tamonkem Adzeh Roger, Kemgang Dongmo Tchouta, Mvondo Valentin Yvan Emmanuel, Iwoudam Maïvow Edmond and Ngounou Ngatcha Benjamin
Original Research
The hard rock-aquifer system in the urban context of Ngaoundere was investigated using piezometric measurements and hydro-chemistry to enhance understanding of its functioning and assess groundwater suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. Seasonal and intra-seasonal piezometric monitoring was conducted in different localities, along with chemical analysis of thirty-five ground and surface water samples. The chemical composition was determined for major elements was determined using ion chromatography, and water facies and mineralization processes were assessed using Piper and Gibbs diagrams. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated to evaluate groundwater suitability for human consumption. The findings revealed diverse piezometric behaviors depending on well/borehole geomorphological positions and seasons. Wells situated on hilltops exhibited high piezometric fluctuations, while those in valleys near rivers showed low fluctuations due to support from river water levels. Recharge occurred during the rainy season through direct infiltration from hilltops, with stream water levels influencing piezometric levels in surrounding wells and boreholes. The surface and ground waters exhibited low mineralization, characterized by calcium-magnesium bicarbonate and sodic-potassic bicarbonate facies. Water-rock interactions and dilution with rainwater were identified as the main processes controlling water mineralization. According to the WQI, all groundwater samples were classified as "excellent quality water" for human consumption. However, the microbiological quality of groundwater in and around Ngaoundere was influenced by human activities, making it unsuitable for drinking without treatment.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2024, 12(2), 39-52. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-12-2-2
Pub. Date: April 08, 2024
by Akoachere Richard Ayuk II, Eyong Thomson Areakpoh and Omogbemi Omoloju Yaya
Original Research
Dugwell construction parameters (Apron, collar, and cover), and dugwell placement parameters (distance to toilets and distance to dumpsites) could be important factors that may increase the vulnerability of dugwells in phreatic aquiferous formations to biological contamination in Garoua. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of well construction and well placement parameters on the coliform contamination of groundwater from dugwells in Garoua. According to Cheesbrough classification, coliform bacteria ranged (MPN) from; 0-3000 Wet season, 0-3000 Wet-Dry Season, 2-3000 Dry Season and 1-3000 in the Dry-Wet Season; thus groundwater samples were grossly polluted to unacceptable with coliform present in all seasons. Based on WHO classification most of the groundwater sampled was unfit for domestic purposes in all seasons due to pollution by potentially harmful microorganisms. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) performed on dugwell construction and placement parameters in Garoua produced three clusters based on spatial similarities and dissimilarities. Pearson’s Correlation Analysis (PCA) showed that significant correlations exists between distances from the nearest toilets and dump sites, wells without Aprons, wells without cover, wells without collars and the bacteriological loads in the dugwell groundwater samples which are thus the parameters responsible for the coliform contamination of the aquiferous formations in Garoua.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2024, 12(2), 24-38. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-12-2-1
Pub. Date: March 15, 2024