by Saad Moeeni, Md Karar Ahmad, Azhar Hussain and Mahboob Sahana
Original Research
The present study attempts to undertakes the analysis of morphometric characteristics of Damodar river tiles of DEM were downloaded from Isro’s BHUVAN web portal, which were mosaic to form a single image. Subset image was created from the mosaic image from which drainage network within the river was generated. Further, utilizing the drainage network image, morphometric parameters such as stream length, bifurcation ratio, stream order, watershed length, area, drainage density and shape were calculated. The land use/ land cover maps of the study area were prepared for 5th different time periods viz., 1951, 1973, 1989, 2001, and 2009. The land use/ land cover map for 1951 was generated from Survey of India toposheets at 1:250000 scale while as the land use/ land cover map for 1973LANDLAT-MSS, TM1989, ETM2001 and L-4-5 TM was generated from LANDSAT-MSS TM, ETM through the method of digitization in ArcGIS3.2a GIS software. The generated land use/ land cover maps of the five different time periods were validated after ground truthing.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2018, 6(2), 78-88. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-6-2-6
Pub. Date: June 13, 2018
14033 Views1537 Downloads
by Tran Thi Hong Ngoc and Mark Honti
Original Research
Aquaculture in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle-An Giang (LXQ-AG), has drawn a lot of interest due to the favourable conditions of the area and therefore it has experienced significant development by local people. Products from aquaculture are crucial in the healthy nutrition and they possess a great export value, improving the living standard of local people. However, aquaculture may be unsustainable due to many reasons, such as eliminating significant water resources via pollution. In the LXQ-AG, aquaculture competes for the vital, limited water resources with irrigation that supports rice cultivation. This competition has not received proper attention yet. Therefore, the total water demand for the aquaculture sector should be calculated to ensure the sustainability and potential development of both aquaculture and irrigation. The open-water evaporation model of Penman was used to calculate evaporation losses from ponds, various assumptions were made to estimate the water required to flush the ponds. The result shows that the total water demand was 2,188 million m3 yr-1 in 2015. It is estimated that in 2020, aquacultural water demand will be 18,140 million m3 yr-1, an increase by a factor of 8.29. The main reason for this rise is that the local managers expect the catfish farming area to increase by 80%, and farm operators are expected to apply the “VietGAP standards”. The study showed that the inevitable evaporative losses are negligible in the total water demand of aquacultural ponds. Therefore, it is straightforward to reduce the future water demand by adopting water-saving operating procedures in the dry season.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2018, 6(2), 71-77. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-6-2-5
Pub. Date: June 11, 2018
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by Trinath Biswal, A. K Mahapatra, P. K Kar and R. B Panda
Original Research
Water is the elixir of life. It is one of the most essential and important commodities required for a healthy society. In this paper, an attempt was taken to evaluate the water quality for both surface water and ground water in and around Rourkela, the Steel City of Orissa. The evaluation involves the study of meteorology, hydrogeology, demography and analysis of physico-chemical parameters. From analyzed data, it was found that, except a few all other parameters are not within the permissible limit. The overall water quality for drinking purposes belongs to poor to very poor quality but the water quality for agricultural purposes are found to be suitable. Panpose area is the major polluting part of surface water in river Brahamani. In most of the areas the physico-chemical parameters of both ground water and surface water are found to be much higher than the permissible limiting value.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2018, 6(2), 65-70. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-6-2-4
Pub. Date: June 01, 2018
11044 Views2232 Downloads
by Rupert C. Akpaniteaku and Okechukwu N. Okoye
Original Research
Waste discharge and emissions from mining and stone crushing industries in Ebonyi River basin were released to the environment by diffusion, and through the tributaries of the river. Pollution of terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the river basin with non essential metals and bioaccumulation in the aquatic organisms were suspected. Some heavy metals such as cadmium and lead are known to be very dangerous and potentially very harmful to life forms even when they are found in trace amount. An investigation was therefore conducted to determine concentration of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in intact male and female crabs in the month of May, to attempt to use them as bioindicators, and to ensure that they were safe for consumption. The results showed that Cr was not detected in the crab. The order of concentration dominance irrespective of sex was as follows: Cr < Pd < Cd. Bioaccumulation level for Pb and Cd were below the critical (<100) index limit. The crab (P. ebonyicum) could serve as indicator of heavy metal pollution in aquatic environment. They were however safe for consumption as the metal concentration was below FAO/WHO permissible limits. Regular investigation would enhance adequate protection of the aquatic habitats and steady supply of safe, edible organisms.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2018, 6(2), 62-64. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-6-2-3
Pub. Date: May 19, 2018
7363 Views1619 Downloads5 Likes
by Syed Tawhidur Rahman, Nusrat Jahan Koley and Shetu Akter
Original Research
Surma, which is the lifeline of Sylhet region, travelling a long way from the Manipur state of India, divided at the border of Bangladesh and amongst them, one of flow northward that bestow prosperity. Commerce was flourished on the bank of the river and now-a-days, it is remaining as the livelihood center of this region. This river isn’t only important for human beings but also for biodiversity which lived in surrounding environment. So, it is needed to learn the morphological characteristics through geographical investigation to adapt with the change of river. To find out present condition, an experimental method was conducted on selected nine cross-sectional points of the Surma river. For trend analysis, selected Landsat and DEM images were purchasing from authentic sources. As well as depth and discharge data (1990 to 2014) were collected from BWDB. Remote sensing and geographic information system provide tools for quantitative and qualitative river morphological analysis. From the analysis of data, it was found out that the depth and gradient of river was high in upstream that gradually decreases towards downstream. The condition was reverse for the width. This investigation supported the theory that upper portions are highly active in the case of erosion and which particles were victimized, flows with the force of water and bit by bit deposited at the down areas. As the depth was shallow at the down part, width of the valley was comparatively higher than upper. From the trend analysis, it was obtained that depth as well as discharge rate of Surma were showed decreasing trend. The SI was respectively high at Up and low at middle part of the river. And the channel was tending to migrate on the northward.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2018, 6(2), 53-61. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-6-2-2
Pub. Date: April 25, 2018
6836 Views1692 Downloads6 Likes
by Seyf-Laye Alfa-Sika Mande, Mingzhu Liu, Ibrahim Tchakala and Honghan Chen
Original Research
Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in Beijing city. However, groundwater has undergone intensive total hardness pollution caused by water-rock interaction and by human activities. Analysis of monitoring data of 30 years shows that the high concentration of total hardness is relationship with carbonate mineral dissolution and cation exchange. But speciation calculations of two flow path using the hydrogeochemical modeling code PHREEQC indicated that the annual contribution of carbonate dissolution and cation exchange to concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+is less than 1 mg∙L-1, which was far less than that observed. The results illustrated that carbonate mineral dissolution and cation exchange in aquifers play a small role in the contribution of groundwater chemical evolution, and also imply other anthropogenic sources exist indirectly.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2018, 6(2), 48-52. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-6-2-1
Pub. Date: April 16, 2018
10339 Views2421 Downloads