by Asha Devi Singh and Mohammed Sharif
Original Research
Reservoir management is an intricate task and the calculator proposed herein helps in assessing the storage in the reservoir using the elevation level. Based on the empirical values of storage capacity and levels the code developed here is able to generate bi-directional query by returning closest approximation corresponding to the given input. The closest approximation is heavily dependent on the resolution level of data for capacity versus elevation that is provided to the program. The efficacy of this code is tested on the data from Bhakra Dam. The code correlates the water level with the volume of water available in the reservoir. This precise assessment of available water will aid in the management of issues related to availability of water for agriculture, industry, hydropower, and domestic use among others. When the inflow and release volume is provided to the code as an input, it calculates the current water level and storage in dam. The output provided by the code can be utilized for effective operation of reservoir systems. The Bhakra Nangal and Beas project is a lifeline of the Northern states and its optimal operation by continuous monitoring of the available water will contribute to its better management.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2019, 7(3), 121-127. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-7-3-5
Pub. Date: September 10, 2019
10718 Views1579 Downloads
by Igbemi Arthur Igbemi, I. L. Nwaogazie, O. Akaranta and G. O. Abu
Original Research
The investigation of water quality is crucial for the protection of health. This study assesses water quality, using pollution indices, within the coastline communities of southern Nigeria by examining a total of 48 samples of domestic water sources from 12 communities in Eastern Obolo for one year from November, 2017 to October, 2018. GPS was used to identify the sampling points and Geostatistical technique was used to visualize the risky communities. Water pollution status of the coastline communities was determined using three pollution indices: Water Quality Index (WQI), Heavy metal Evaluation Index (HEI) and Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI). Result revealed a 66.7% acidification of the sampled domestic water sources with seasonal variation. High Turbidity in 66.67% of surface water during the wet season. Domestic water sources were generally low in Dissolved Oxygen with the highest mean value of 2.13 ± 0.45mg/L for surface water. The mean concentration of Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe) and Cadmium (Cd) were as high as 0.240.06 mg/L, 1. 400.46 mg/L and 0.680.08mg/L, respectively in some water sample. Greater than 50% of the sampled water was not safe for drinking based on water quality index. Water quality was poorer in the wet season than the dry season. Quality rating based on HEI showed that 91.7% of the sampled water had low heavy metal pollution and 8.3% was moderately polluted with heavy metals in both seasons. The total heavy metal pollution index revealed highly polluted domestic water sources. The spatial pollution distribution maps showed a more polluted urban and semi- urban communities than the remote rural communities, demonstrating the influence of urbanization and industrialization on water pollution.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2019, 7(3), 111-120. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-7-3-4
Pub. Date: August 23, 2019
8071 Views941 Downloads
by M A Hossen, F Rafiq, M A Kabir and M G Morshed
Original Research
River plays an important role to agribusiness, industry, and the necessities of people and natural life. A great many individuals rely upon the river water for irrigation and fish cultivation. Karnaphuli River is the largest and major watercourse of the Chattogram region, Bangladesh. But day by day the river is losing its quality due to several anthropogenic reasons. Several studies have been done considering water quality and sediment quality of Karnaphuli River. But no research conducted specially on the basis of WQI. The main objective of this study is to assess the water quality of Karnaphuli River from Kalurghat to Patenga in terms of water quality index (WQI). For the determination of WQI, the weighted arithmetic method is used in this study. The water quality of River Karnaphuli was monitored for a period of 8 Months (January - August, 2018). After the completion of collection process, the water samples were assessed by analyzing the various physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride, nitrate and phosphate. The WQI reveals that the water quality of Karnaphuli river water from Sha- Amanat Bridge to Karnaphuli Halda estuary can be used for irrigation and fish cultivation purpose and from Sandwip channel to Chaktai Khal confluence point proper treatment required before use.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2019, 7(3), 106-110. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-7-3-3
Pub. Date: August 21, 2019
8459 Views1060 Downloads
by Imran Khan and Dr. Mostafa Ali
Original Research
This study is carried out to assess the potential changes to the water balance of the Teesta River basin due to climate change. A semi-distributed hydrological model of Teesta river basin has been developed using SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool). After assessing the results of GCM solutions for 2080s, four scenarios has been selected for detail analysis. They are: Wettest, Driest, Warmest and Coolest. Among the selected scenarios, for the wettest scenario the precipitation had increased by 11.71% while it decreased by 1.76% for the driest scenario. The increase in temperature for the coolest and the warmest scenario is found to be 2.24¡ãC and 5.34¡ãC. The developed hydrological model of 1998-2013 timeframe served as the base model output to be compared against climate change model results. Comparing the water balance of the climate change model with the base model, it has been found that the monsoon season will become more wetter (as much as 48% increase of precipitation) and the dry season become more drier (as much as 43% reduction of precipitation) due to climate change for all the climate change scenarios. The flow comparison at the Dalia point, upstream of Teesta Barrage for different climate change scenarios shows similar kind of trend to that of the water balance comparison. The general trend emerging from the flow analysis is that the Dalia point will experience a more severe shortage of water during the lean season where, as much as 25% decrease of flow has been found even without any upstream controls.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2019, 7(3), 95-105. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-7-3-2
Pub. Date: August 05, 2019
9576 Views802 Downloads4 Likes
by Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Dr. Umme Kulsum Navera and Indira Bose
Original Research
The coastal area of the Ganges delta in Bangladesh is characterized by tides and salinity from the Bay of Bengal. Salinities in the Bangladesh coast are dependent on the annual rainfall, evaporation, freshwater flows discharging from upstream and the impact of climate change. Average salinity concentrations at the coast are higher in the dry season than in the monsoon, due to reduction in freshwater flow from the upstream. The higher salinity levels have adverse impacts on agriculture, aquaculture, domestic and industrial water use and so on. Hence, the simulation of the calibrated salinity model is carried out in this study to investigate the baseline condition of salinity and assessment of hydrodynamic condition which will reduce the salinity level at downstream portion of Southwest region of Bangladesh. Historical data and field measurements on salinity, water flow, water level and numerical modeling technique are applied to develop the hydrodynamic scenarios (mainly based on upstream discharge condition), which are simulated with the calibrated and validated hydrodynamic and salinity model. The scenario with increase in upstream flow through Ganges connected rivers is simulated to identify the saline free zone at the most south end zone. The simulation of the calibrated salinity model is carried out by limiting salinity level (< 1ppt) with improved flow scenarios by mathematical modeling technique. The saline free zone with different flow scenarios is assessed by MIKE One-Dimensional (MIKE 11) and MIKE Two-Dimensional (MIKE 21FM) Modelling system.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2019, 7(3), 89-94. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-7-3-1
Pub. Date: August 02, 2019
7239 Views1066 Downloads1 Likes