by Antoine Tamsa Arfao, Mamert Fils Onana, Ernest Koji, Luciane Marlyse Moungang, Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti, Joel Brice Tchuimaleu Emadjeu, Siméon Tchakonté, Awawou Manouore Njoya, Télesphore Sime-Ngando and et Nola Moise
Original Research
Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of water on banks of Wouri. At each sampling station, the physicochemical analysis focused on Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved CO2, electrical conductivity, suspended solids, nitrates, ammonium ions, orthophosphates, color, salinity, and turbidity. The bacteriological analysis consisted of the isolation of heterotrophic aerobe bacteria (HAB), faecal bacteria, and some pathogenic bacteria. PCA showed that two factorial axes F1 (49.48%) and F2 (25.18%) explained 74.67% of the total inertia. pH, Suspended Solids, electrical conductivity and color are significantly and positively correlated with each other and also significantly and positively correlated with the F1 axis. HAB, faecal bacteria, Shigellae, dissolved CO2 and salinity are significantly and positively correlated with each other and, are also significantly and negatively correlated with the F1 axis and with the previous group of variables. The F1 axis discriminates in the negative coordinates of the Youpwe 1 and 2 stations, characterized by a high content of orthophosphates, ammonium ions, and low oxygenation. There is also a high concentration of bacteria such as HAB, faecal coliforms and Salmonella. The calculation of FC/FS ratio reflects exclusively contamination of animal origin in all the sampled stations.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2021, 9(1), 23-31. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-9-1-4
Pub. Date: April 02, 2021
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by Md. Safiqul Islam, M. A. Azadi, Munira Nasiruddin and Md. Saiful Islam
Original Research
Water quality index is a helpful tool to understand the pollution level of any water body. Out of 16 tributaries in lower Halda, Boalia Khal (canal) is one of the important tributaries, well known for capture fishery and also for carrying local agricultural and urban discharges to the Halda River, a well-known spawning ground of Indian major carps. This study was undertaken to know the water quality status of Boalia Khal by weighted arithmetic index method. For knowing this status ten physicochemical parameters from three selected stations of the tributary were studied for two years period from January 2017 to December 2018, which ranged as: water temperature 24.84±2.96°C to 29.71±1.72°C, transparency 24.17±4.40cm to 36.89±5.67cm, Electrical Conductivity 86.39±33.86µS/cm to 161.11±11.52µS/cm, TDS 30±10mg/l to 70±10mg/l, pH 7.04±0.18 to 7.44±0.06, DO 3.91±0.81mg/l to 7.93±1.98mg/l, Calcium 5.03±2.00mg/l to 10.78±2.40mg/l, Total Hardness 23.83±9.1mg/l to 47.83±4.69mg/l, Total Alkalinity 34.89±15.93mg/l to 44.22 ±11.56mg/l and BOD5 1.23±0.83mg/l to 1.55±1.06mg/l. The Water Quality Index (51.72±4.36 to 54.68±7.11) classified the water of three stations as poor (Grade-C) during different seasons except in winter (47.36±1.17) (Grade-B). However, annually, overall water quality of Boalia Khal was poor (53.24±1.31) (Grade-C) and detected as unsuitable for drinking without treatment, but could be used for irrigation and fish culture. The condition of water quality in present study felt the necessity to adopt proper management policy and conservation efforts to protect the water of the tributary from further deterioration and hence to protect the River Halda. This study might help to grow awareness among the users and policy makers to save the Halda River by keeping well its source water like Boalia Khal and also other tributaries.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2021, 9(1), 15-22. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-9-1-3
Pub. Date: March 26, 2021
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by Kazi Mohammad Anamoul Haque
Original Research
Nickel nano particles were synthesized by chemical reduction method using nickel chloride as precursor, hydrazine as reducing agent in a basic medium in presence of surfactant sodium dodecylsulphonate (SDS) and polymer polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP). Titanium dioxide conventionally used as a photo-catalyst for the degradation of Congo red – water pollutant largely used as a dye in textile industries [the line is not match]. Synthesized nickel nano particles of different sizes were mechanically [need specific mechanical process] mixed with titanium dioxide. Measuring the absorbance of congo red solution, congo red solution mixed with titanium dioxide and titanium dioxide with nickel nano particles of different sizes using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, it was found that nickel nano particles accelerate the rate of photo degradation of congo red when it was mixed with titanium dioxide [this sentence is to large]. It was found that with decreasing the size of the nickel nano particles the rate of degradation increases [Need some hypothetical logic for decreasing the size of the nickel nano particles the rate of degradation increases]. Experimental results also show that there is an effect of pH of the solution. The rate of degradation is higher in acidic medium (pH 5.7) instead of basic medium (pH 8) [These two sentences may be merged].
American Journal of Water Resources. 2021, 9(1), 8-14. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-9-1-2
Pub. Date: March 05, 2021
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by Ndiouga CAMARA, Ibrahima MBAYE, Déthié SARR and Séni TAMBA
Original Research
In Dakar, a considerable deficit is observed in the distribution of drinking water. The demand for drinking water is increasing day by day and the available resources are insufficient. The objective of this article is first to assess the drinking water consumption needs of the Dakar region by performing a statistical analysis of the data. Statistical analysis of the data made it possible to assess the state of coverage of drinking water consumption needs. In addition, this statistical analysis will make it possible to make a comparison between the evolution of drinking water consumption needs and the current available resources. The results obtained show that after interpolations of the data by different polynomials (interpolation of degree 1, interpolation of degree 5, and interpolation of degree 10), the best interpolation in order to have an optimal projection of the evolution of drinking water consumption as a function of the population is the interpolation polynomial of degree 10. This equation called the Dakar equation which gives the consumption as a function of the population is as follows: Cons = 8,959.102Pop2 – 5,2592.108Pop + 1,382.1014.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2021, 9(1), 1-7. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-9-1-1
Pub. Date: January 07, 2021
3698 Views28 Downloads