American Journal of Water Resources

This study examined the factors influencing the willingness to pay for improved household water supply service in Akinyele Local Government, Oyo State. Data were collected from 107 households randomly sampled from the Local Government Area. A dichotomous choice contingent valuation technique was used to elicit households’ willingness to pay for an improved water supply service. The data were analyzed using logit regression technique. The results show that the mean willingness to pay of households for improved water supply service is 0.696. The positive mean willingness to pay implies that the households demand improved water supply service in which the improvement in the water supply service will directly improve their welfare. The results further reveal that the significant factors determining households’ willingness to pay for improved water supply service are number of households’ adults, minutes taken to fetch water, and the amount willing to pay by the households for the proposed improvement in the water supply service. The willingness to pay for water is useful in informing water policy makers for future water supply and services improvement in the Oyo state, Nigeria.

American Journal of Water Resources. 2015, 3(2), 55-60. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-3-2-4
Pub. Date: May 22, 2015

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Utilization of Agricultural Biomass Materials for Treatment of Minna Underground Water for Human Consumption

by Nuhu Ali Ademoh and Danladi King Garba

Original Research

Minna, capital of Niger State, is a town located in central part of Nigeria which experiences acute water shortage during dry season of every year due to inadequate supply of treated water from State Water Board. This has made many low income citizens of the state to sink shallow wells that they can financially afford to source water for their daily needs. Despite low yields from these wells, the water had been found to be polluted with organic/inorganic matter and micro-organisms that make it unsuitable for human consumption as compared with world Health Organization guidelines on safe drinking water. In order to control the diseases that continuous consumption of this type of infected water might unconsciously been causing to people that drink it, this project developed an affordable water filtration plant using locally available materials that included the ash of biomass of rice husk wasted away after harvest of rice, sand and gravel as filtration media for its treatment. The plant was designed, constructed and test run with water sample sourced from 11 wells located in different parts of Minna. Physico-chemical tests on the treated water samples showed that the compositional characteristics including PH, turbidity, alkalinity, temperature, hardness and chloride ion contents that were above WHO acceptable values before treatment were all modified by treatment plant and brought to within WHO standard for safe drinking water. The micro-organic constituents of raw well water samples got reduced from the heavy presences of enterobacter, aerogen and Escherichia-coli bacteria to concentrations of Nill/70ml to Nill/100ml which was better and safer than or equal to the Nill/100ml recommended by WHO for safe drinking water.

American Journal of Water Resources. 2015, 3(2), 44-54. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-3-2-3
Pub. Date: May 13, 2015

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Assessing of the Suitability for Irrigation Water and Their Repercussions on Land Degradation Process in Delta and Lower Senegal River Valley

by DIAW Moctar, MALL Ibrahima, SANE Seyni, MADIOUNE H.Diakher and FAYE Serigne

Original Research

In arid and semi arid zone, irrigation constitutes one of determinants of agricultural production expansion. However, the irrigated agriculture development can be a threat to the environment in these areas due to multiple soils degradation that can result (salinization, sodisation and alkalinization). Most of problems come from of the irrigation water typology, land use characteristics, water resources management and farming systems or irrigation schemes. In Delta and Lower Senegal River valley, irrigated agriculture produces currently many problems related to the degradation of soils and waters quality. Indeed, the use consequences for agricultural of different water qualities, impose the need to classify them according to their suitability for irrigation. The assessment and monitoring of water quality and soil are essential to ensure a profitable and sustainable irrigated agriculture in the delta alluvial plain. Thus, in this study water sampling was carried out during two campaigns (in July 2005 and December 2013). RICHARDS and WILCOX diagrams and statistical analysis through Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) were used to classify and evaluate the impact of water on soils physical and chemical characteristics. Establishing suitability maps of water for irrigation from these different approaches, made it possible to highlight the different quality of water classes (Excellent, Good, Acceptable and Bad) and their repercussions on intrinsic characteristics of the natural environment especially potential risks to degradation by salinization and alkalinization in irrigated soils.

American Journal of Water Resources. 2015, 3(2), 32-43. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-3-2-2
Pub. Date: April 19, 2015

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A Quick Reference on the Water Quality at Adventist University of the Philippines

by Carl Jim Nogra, Csir Rhenrick Lila, Keziah Arle Reyes, Lorcelie B. Taclan, Orlex Yllano and Johnny Guyo

Original Research

The study was conducted to determine the water quality for domestic purposes at the Adventist University of the Philippines (AUP) dormitories. Specifically, itidentified the level of heavy metals such as lead(Pb), copper(Cu),chromium(Cr),total dissolved solids (TDS) and pH. The results of water quality analyses were compared with the standards set by the Philippine National Quality Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW); (0.01 mg/L for Pb, 1.0mg/L for Cu; 0.05 mg/L for Cr;500.0 mg/L for TDS and 0-14 for pH).Water quality analyses were done using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) for Pb and Cu, respectively, photometric for Cr, gravimetric SMEWW 2540C for TDS and laboratory in situ for pH. The results of the analyses revealed that all water samples collected from the dormitories were far below the water quality than standards with reference to the parameters considered. Therefore, the water being used for domestic purposes such as for drinking, preparing food, bathing, washing clothes and dishes and brushing teeth is potable and safe.

American Journal of Water Resources. 2015, 3(2), 27-31. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-3-2-1
Pub. Date: April 20, 2015

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