by Illias Alhassane, Abdou Babaye Maman Sani and Issa Malan S.Souleymane
Original Research
The alluvial aquifer of the Timia valley provide the supply of water to the population, but also the need for irrigation water. This important aquifer is highly dependent on precipitations and sometimes it dries out before the return of rainy season leading to drought. Also, the increase of agricultural activities has led to the deterioration of water quality in places but also to the depletion of this alluvial aquifer. The objective of this study is to contribute to understanding the quantitative and qualitative dynamics of this limited extension aquifer. A methodological approach based on piezometric and hydrochemical methods has revealed that the alluvial aquifer is renewed from the arrival of first floods of Timia valley and the main flow directions that are globally NE-SW. It show too an increase concentration of cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and stability of K+ during the rainy season. However, for anions a low increase of HCO3-, Cl-, SO42- and NO3- during the dry season is observed.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2023, 11(4), 158-165. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-11-4-5
Pub. Date: October 29, 2023
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by Sawadogo Zounabo Epouse Kouyate, Soro Gneneyougo Emile, Kouakou Koffi Abdelaziz, Goula Bi Tié Albert and Brou Yao Casimir
Original Research
Rainfall decline trend observed since 1970s in Côte d’Ivoire is still putting a strain on the annual recharge of dams and the satisfaction of crop irrigation water requirements. The aim of this study is to analyze the hydrological functioning of the Nanan agricultural dam in a context of climate variability. Several approaches were used to collect the data, including direct measurements, visual observation, surveys, interviews, and documentary research. The method used for the water balance was the principle of volume conservation (continuity equation), applied over two years (2016, 2017). This analysis shows that runoff accounts for 92% of the annual recharge of the Nanan dam. Of the water mobilized, 63% was used for irrigation, and uncontrollable losses amounted to 38%, of which 25% by infiltration and 12% by evaporation. The variation in annual stock was different from one year to the next, with a variation of -104,000 m3 in 2016 and +165,000 m3 in 2017. In short, the hydrological regime of the dam is closely linked to the rainfall regime. This characterisation could be used in a future climate projection simulation to analyze the impact of climate change on the dam's capacity to meet crop water requirements.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2023, 11(4), 149-157. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-11-4-4
Pub. Date: October 23, 2023
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by Agbessi Koffi Sodomon, Seyf-Laye Alfa-Sika Mande, Lallébila Tampo, Kossitse Venyo Akpataku, Moudassirou Sedou and Kossi Jorge Komlan
Original Research
Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in Tchamba prefecture. Groundwater quality contaminations have emerged in many geographical areas due to natural environmental processes and human intervention in the geosystems. Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater quality in the study area was investigated. The physicochemical parameters such as major ions were determined. Factor analysis was used to identify key parameters that described groundwater quality in the study area. The first two factors were considered: Factor 1 explained 53.43% of the total variance and translates the natural rainwater recharge and water-soil/rock interaction process. The second factor (F2) explained 22.05% of the total variance and expresses the anthropogenic pressure such as domestic sewage, uncontrolled landfill waste, fertilizers, and wastewater. The results showed that silicate mineral dissolution and cation exchange in aquifers play an important role in groundwater chemistry evolution.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2023, 11(4), 142-148. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-11-4-3
Pub. Date: October 13, 2023
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by Yaovi Aymar Bossa, Ernest Amoussou, Afoussath Assani, Octave Djangni, Jean Hounkpè and Jean-Emmanuel Paturel
Original Research
Drought is a serious environmental disaster that affects many parts of the world. It is defined as a prolonged absence or marked deficiency of rainfall. It can be detected by various drought indices (meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural). This water deficit is accentuated by the drought that has persisted in the study area since the mid-1970s. Moreover, the absence of study on the characterization of drought in the Ouémé River Basin invites, through this research work, to study drought at the level of the Ouémé River Basin in Bonou and its impact on water resources. The data used covers a period of 30 years (1989-2020). Thus, for the characterization of drought, three indices (SPI, SDI, and Martonne aridity index) were determined. These indices were used to make a spatiotemporal analysis of the drought in the basin through some hydrometric stations. From the analysis of the results, the drought states vary from one year to another with a preponderance of the "Light" drought state even if in the most recent years, an evolution to a moderate or even extreme drought state has been observed. The drought conditions vary from one area to another due to the different rainfall, the nature of the soil and the human activities in each area. In addition, there is a higher probability of transition from meteorological to hydrological drought in the Ouémé River Basin.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2023, 11(4), 133-141. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-11-4-2
Pub. Date: August 24, 2023
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by Bouwèdèo TOI BISSANG, Ogouvidé AKPAKI and Gnon BABA
Original Research
Drinking water requires an acceptable physico-chemical quality in relation to water quality standards. They may not contain any substance which is harmful or which may harm the health of the consumer. In order to contribute to the control of water quality intended for human and animal consumption in the canton of Bangeli (in Togo), our study focused on the physico-chemical quality and the state of chemical pollution of the waters of this canton by using the water quality index (WQI) because of its usefulness in understanding water quality issues. A total of 28 points were selected, sampled and analyzed. The analyses are carried out in the dry and rainy seasons and focused on parameters such as pH, conductivity (EC), temperature, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, SO42-, TH, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Fe et Cl-. These results show that all the surface water and 66.66% of groundwater have an iron content greater than 0.3 mg/L. All the other parameters meet the standards except for one well where the nitrate content exceeds the standard value (50 mg/L). The calculated quality indices made it possible to realize that surface waters and 42% of groundwater analyzed are of poor quality (WQI > 100), so they require treatment before using as drinking water.
American Journal of Water Resources. 2023, 11(4), 126-132. DOI: 10.12691/ajwr-11-4-1
Pub. Date: August 24, 2023
468 Views13 Downloads