Assessment of the Aquacultural Water Demand in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle An Giang, Vietnam

Tran Thi Hong Ngoc^1, and Mark Honti²

¹Department of Environmental Management, An Giang University, Vietnam.

²MTA-BME Water Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Hungary

Cite this paper

Tran Thi Hong Ngoc and Mark Honti. Assessment of the Aquacultural Water Demand in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle An Giang, Vietnam. American Journal of Water Resources. 2018; 6(2):71-77. doi: 10.12691/AJWR-6-2-5

Abstract

Aquaculture in the Long Xuyen Quadrangle-An Giang (LXQ-AG), has drawn a lot of interest due to the favourable conditions of the area and therefore it has experienced significant development by local people. Products from aquaculture are crucial in the healthy nutrition and they possess a great export value, improving the living standard of local people. However, aquaculture may be unsustainable due to many reasons, such as eliminating significant water resources via pollution. In the LXQ-AG, aquaculture competes for the vital, limited water resources with irrigation that supports rice cultivation. This competition has not received proper attention yet. Therefore, the total water demand for the aquaculture sector should be calculated to ensure the sustainability and potential development of both aquaculture and irrigation. The open-water evaporation model of Penman was used to calculate evaporation losses from ponds, various assumptions were made to estimate the water required to flush the ponds. The result shows that the total water demand was 2,188 million m³ yr^-1 in 2015. It is estimated that in 2020, aquacultural water demand will be 18,140 million m³ yr^-1, an increase by a factor of 8.29. The main reason for this rise is that the local managers expect the catfish farming area to increase by 80%, and farm operators are expected to apply the “VietGAP standards”. The study showed that the inevitable evaporative losses are negligible in the total water demand of aquacultural ponds. Therefore, it is straightforward to reduce the future water demand by adopting water-saving operating procedures in the dry season.

Keywords

Vietnam, An Giang Province, evapotranspiration, aquaculture, Penman equation

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Department of Natural Resources and Environment in An Giang province. Report on the results of the project “Environmental protection planning for An Giang province in 2020”, 2015. [Translate] Sở Tài nguyên Môi trường tỉnh An Giang, 2015. Báo cáo kết quả đề án “Quy hoạch bảo vệ môi trường tỉnh An Giang 2020”.
[2]	The Irrigation Departments in An Giang province. The report of flood prevention of An Giang province, 2015. [Translate] Chi Cục Thủy Lợi Tỉnh An Giang, 2015. Báo cáo phòng chống lũ lụt của tỉnh An Giang.
[3]	Duong Van Vien. Irrigation for aquaculture in the Mekong Delta. [Translate] Duong Van Vien, 2010. Thủy lợi phục vụ nuôi trồng thủy sản ở Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long.
[4]	Tran Thi Hong Ngoc and Mark Honti. Application of Different Evapotranspiration Models to Calculate Total Agricultural Water Demand in a Tropical Region. Journal of Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering. 2017. Page 1-7.
[5]	Water Resource Directorate. Irrigation for aquaculture in the Mekong Delta, 2018. [Translate] Tổng cục Thủy lợi, 2018. Thủy lợi phục vụ nuôi trồng thủy sản ở Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long. http://www.tongcucthuyloi.gov.vn/Tin-tuc-Su-kien/Tin-chi-dao-dieu hanh/catid/13/item/553/th%E1%BB%A7y-l%E1%BB%A3i-v%C3%A0-ph%C3%A1t-tri%E1%BB%83n-nu%C3%B4i-tr%E1%BB%93ng-th%E1%BB%A7y-s%E1%BA%A3n-v%C3%B9ng-%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng-b%E1%BA%B1ng-s%C3%B4ng-c%E1%BB%ADu-long.
[6]	Department of Agriculture and Rural Development An Giang. Aquaculture situation statistics in An Giang for the period of 2002 - 2013. [Translate] Sở Nông Nghiệp và Phát triển Nông Thôn An Giang, 2014. Thống kê tình hình nuôi thủy sản giai đoạn 2002-2013. http://afa.vn/index.php/hu-ng-d-n-tai-li-u/tu-li-u/s-li-u-th-ng-ke/973-th-ng-ke-tinh-hinh-nuoi-th-y-s-n-giai-do-n-2002-2013.
[7]	Statistical Yearbook of An Giang,. An Giang Statisticcal Office. Vietnam. 2015.
[8]	Tran Hoang Hai. An Giang Developing sustainable Pangasius farming. An Giang Statistical Office, 2017 [Translate] Tran Hoang Hai, 2017. An Giang Phát triển nuôi trồng chế biến Cá tra bền vững. Cục Thống Kê tỉnh An Giang. https://www.2lua.vn/article/an-giang-phat-trien-nuoi-trong-che-bien-ca-tra-ben-vung-5a2decfee495191d358b456b.html.
[9]	Hoang Xuan. Fishery planning associated with the market. An Giang Newspaper Online, 2018. [Translate] Hoàng Xuân. Quy hoạch thủy sản gắn với thị trường. Báo An Giang online, 2018. http://baoangiang.com.vn/quy-hoach-thuy-san-gan-voi-thi-truong-hop-a127675.html.
[10]	QĐ:1021/QĐ-UBND-2014. Decision of the Chairman of An Giang the People's Committee on the planning of fishery production areas - application of high technology in the period 2020-2030. [Translate] QĐ:1021/QĐ-UBND, 2014. Quyết định của chủ tịch Uỷ ban nhân dân tỉnh An Giang về quy hoạch vùng sản xuất thủy sản ứng dụng công nghệ cao đến năm 2020-2030. https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Linh-vuc-khac/Quyet-dinh-1021-QD-UBND-2014-Quy-hoach-vung-san-xuat-thuy-san-cong-nghe-cao-An-Giang-den-2020-240790.aspx.
[11]	QCVN 02-20:2014/BNNPTNT. National technical regulation on striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthlmus Sauvage, 1878) culture farm in pond- Conditions for veterinary hygiene environmental protection and food safety. [Translate] QCVN 02 20:2014/BNNPTNT, 2014. Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về cơ sở nuôi cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthlmus Sauvage, 1878) trong ao – Điều kiện đảm bảo vệ sinh thú y, bảo vệ môi trường và an toàn thực phẩm.
[12]	Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development. Decision No 1503/QĐ-BNN-TCTS, 05/07/2011. Promulgation of rules practices for good aquaculture in Vietnam (VietGAP), 2011. [Translate] Bộ Nông Nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn, 2011. Quyết định số 1503/QĐ-BNN-TCTS, 05/07/2011.Ban hành quy phạm thực hành nuôi trồng thủy sản tốt tại Vietnam (VietGap). https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Linh-vuc-khac/Quyet-dinh-1503-QD-BNN-TCTS-Quy-pham-thuc-hanh-Nuoi-trong-thuy-san-tot-127686.aspx.
[13]	Nguyen Ha. Aquaculture by VietGAP standard: For the benefit, along with the farmer overcome difficulties. Portal of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. 2011. [Translate] Nguyen Ha, 2011. Nuôi trồng thủy sản theo VietGAP: Vì lợi ích, đồng hành cùng người nuôi vượt khó. Cổng thông tin điện tử của Bộ nông nghiệp và phát triển nông thôn. https://www.mard.gov.vn/Pages/nuoi-trong-thuy-san-theo-vietgap-vi-loi-ich-dong-hanh-cung nguoi-nuoi-vuot-kho-11421.aspx.
[14]	Linacre, E.T. Evaporation trends. Theor. Applied Climatol., 79: 11-21. 2004.
[15]	Vallet-Coulom, C., D. Legesse, F. Gasse, Y. Travi and T. Chernet. Lake evaporation estimates in tropical Africa (Lake Ziway, Ethiopia). J. Hydrol., 245: 1-18. 2001.
[16]	Brutsaert, W. “Evaporation into the Atmosphere: Theory, History and Applications”. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 1982.
[17]	FAO, Fao training series. Chapter 2: Estimates of Water Requirements. http://www.fao.org/fishery/static/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6705e/Index.htm.
[18]	Southern Irrigation Institute. Report: Detailed irrigation planning for An Giang Province for 2015-2020. 2015. Page: 250 [Translate] Viện Thủy lợi Miền Nam, 2015. Báo cáo: Quy hoạch chi tiết thủy lợi cho tỉnh An Giang, giai đoạn 2015-2020.
[19]	Decree no 36/2014/NĐ-CP. Aquaculture, processing and export of catfish, 2014. [Translate] Nghị định 36/2014/NĐ-CP của Chính phủ, 2014: Về nuôi, chế biến và xuất khẩu sản phẩm cá Tra.
[20]	Penman, H. L. “Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass”. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, physical and engineering Sciences. 193(1032), pp. 120-145. 1948.