Aquifers Hydraulic Parameters Measurement and Analysis by Pumping Test

OO Falowo^1, , AS Daramola¹ and OO Ojo¹

¹Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

Cite this paper

OO Falowo, AS Daramola and OO Ojo. Aquifers Hydraulic Parameters Measurement and Analysis by Pumping Test. American Journal of Water Resources. 2019; 7(4):146-154. doi: 10.12691/AJWR-7-4-3

Abstract

Hydrogeological properties measurements through pumping or slug test is an imperative method of determining the productivity of an aquifer for effective sustainability and development. Therefore groundwater potential evaluation using pumping test was carried out on thirty six boreholes, straddling different geologic units in Southern parts of Ondo State, Nigeria. This was done in order to estimate the transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity of the overburden aquifers. The pumping test involved a 1.0-hp submersible pump with a check valve and a 19-mm diameter discharge line. The static water levels measured range between 1.2 – 30.5 m, and an average of 11.9 m. The static water level was higher in sandstone derived aquifers than shale, granite, gneiss or migmatite, with an associated low drawdowns less than 2 m. The values of hydraulic conductivity estimated in the area vary from 0.0797 (Ile Oluji) to 65.2493 m/d (Ilaje/Ese Odo/Igbekebo), and an average of 6.25 m/d. The transmissivity values range between 1.6183 – 652.4928 m²/d. The recorded specific yield of the aquifers across the study area shows predominant range of 0 – 100 m³/d. This range of values generally indicate a non-prolific aquifers, as the mean value obtained is less than 200 m³/d required for domestic usage based on groundwater usage survey carried out in the study area. The findings of the study shows a fairly homogeneous hydraulic properties, except the southern part which is characterized by high yield capacity, transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and considerable aquifer thickness (greater than 25 m) with a steady/high drawdown. Consequently, favourable areas for future groundwater exploitation/development is the southern parts which embraced Erinje, Okitipupa, Ilaje/Ese Odo.

Keywords

specific yield, hydraulic conductivity, piezometer, static water level, Ondo south, aquifer

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]	Todd, D.K. (1980). Groundwater Hydrology. 2nd edition, John Wiley, New York, 535 pp.
[2]	Freeze, R.A., & Cherry, J.A. (1979). Groundwater. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 604 pp.
[3]	Chinyem, F.I. (2017). Evaluation of Groundwater Potentials for Borehole Drilling by Integrated Geophysical mapping of Auchi-South Western Nigeria, using Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic profiling (VLF-EM) and vertical electrical sounding (VES). J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol. 21(4): 693-700.
[4]	Hamidu, H., Garba, M.L., Abubakar, Y.I., Mohammad, U., Mohammed, D. (2016). Groundwater Resources Appraisals of Bodinga and Environs, Sokoto Basin, North Western Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 24(2): 92-101.
[5]	Falowo, O.O., Akindureni, Y., Ojo, O.O. (2017). Irrigation and Drinking Water Quality Index Determination for Groundwater Quality Evaluation in Akoko Northwest and Northeast Areas of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering. Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 50-60.
[6]	Yihdego, Y., & Paffard, A. (2016). Hydro-engineering solutions for a sustainable groundwater management at a cross border region: case of Lake Nyasa/Malawi basin, Tanzania. International Journal of Geo-engineering, 7(23):1-20.
[7]	Ammar, A.I., & Kamal, K.A. (2019). Effect of structure and lithological heterogeneity on the correlation coefficient between the electric-hydraulic parameters of the aquifer, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Applied Water Science, 9(83), 21pp.
[8]	Opara, A.I, Onu, N.N., Okereafor, D.U. (2012). Geophysical Sounding for the Determination of Aquifer Hydraulic Characteristics from Dar- Zurrock Parameters: Case Study of Ngor Okpala, Imo River Basin, Southeastern Nigeria. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology Volume 13. Number 1. May 2012, 590-603.
[9]	Delleur, J. (1998). The Handbook of Groundwater Engineering, CRC Press LLC, USA, 940pp.
[10]	Keller, G.V., Frischknecht, F.C. (1979). Electrical Methods in Geophysical Prospecting, Oxford: Pergamon.
[11]	Kofoed, O.C. (1977). Geosounding Principle I: Resistivity Sounding measurement Elsevier Science Publishing Company Armsterdern the Netherlands.
[12]	Niwas, S., Singhal, D.C. (1981). Estimation of Aquifer Transmissivity from Da-Zarrouk Parameters in Porous Media. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 50, pp 393-399.
[13]	Omosuyi, G.O. (2010). Geoelectric Assessment of Groundwater Prospect and vulnerability of overburden aquifer. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 3(1), pp. 123-132.
[14]	Omosuyi, G.O., Ojo, J.S., Enikanoselu, P.A. (2003). Geophysical Investigation for Groundwater around Obanla to Obakekere area within basement complex of South Western Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology Vol.39, No.2, pp. 109-116.
[15]	Olorunfemi, M.O., Afolayan, J.F., Afolabi, O. (2004). Geoelectric/Electromagnetic VLF Survey for Groundwater development in basement terrain. A Case Study of Ile-Ife, Ife Journal of Science Vol. 6, No 1.
[16]	Igbokwe, M.U., Okwueze, E.E., Okereke, C.S. (2006). Delineation of Potential Aquifer Zones from Geoelectric Soundings in KWA Ibo River Watershed, Southeastern, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. vol. 1, no. 4, pp 410-421.
[17]	Balogun, O., Adelusi, A.O., Folami, S.L. (2000). Groundwater Potential of Rido near Kaduna, Northern Nigeria. Journal of the Nigeria Association of Hydrogeologist, Vol. 11, pp. 21-25.
[18]	Ekwe, A.C, Onu, N.N., Onuoha, K.M. (2006). Estimation of Aquifer Hydraulic Characteristics from Electrical Sounding Data: The Case of Middle Imo River Basin Aquifers, South-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of Spatial Hydrology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 121-132.
[19]	Akpabio, I., Ekpo, E. (2008). Geoelectric Investigation for Groundwater Development of Southern Part of Nigeria. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology; vol. 9, no.1, pp. 219-226.
[20]	Batayneh, A.T. (2009). A hydrogeophysical model of the relationship between geoelectric and Hydraulic parameters. Central Jordan, J. Water Res. Prot., vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 400-407.
[21]	Omosuyi, G.O. (2001). Geophysical and Hydrogeological Investigations of Groundwater Prospects in the Southern part of Ondo State, Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Applied Geophysics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. 195.
[22]	Iloeje, N.P. (1981). A New Geography of Nigeria, Longman Publisher Nigeria, pp. 201.
[23]	Jones HA, Hockey RD (1964). The Geology of Part of Southwestern Nigeria. Geol. Surv. Nigeria Bull. 31: 87.
[24]	Okosun, E.A. (1998). Review of the Early Tertiary Stratigraphy of Southwestern Nigeria. J. of Mining and Geology. 34:27-35.
[25]	Omotsola, M.E., & Adegoke, O.S. (1981). Tectonic Evolution and Cretaceous Stratigraphy of the Dahomey Basin. J. Min. Geol. 18(1):130-137
[26]	Nigeria Geological Survey Agency (NGSA) (2006). Published by the Authority of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
[27]	Boonstra, J., de Ridder, N.A. (1981). Numerical Modelling of Ground Water Basins. International Institute for Land Reclamination and Improvement. Wageningen, The Netherlands.
[28]	Driscoll, F.G. (1986). Groundwater and wells. 2nd edition, Johnson Division, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1089 pp.
[29]	Groundwater Manual (1981). A water resources technical publication. U.S. Department of the Interior; Water and Power Resources Service. U.S. Government Printing Office, Denver, 480 pp.
[30]	Genetier, B. (1984). La pratique des pompages d’essai en hydrogéologie. Bur. Rech. Géol. Min. Manuels et méthodes, No. 9, I32 pp.